Acne (Pimples)
Also known as: Pimples, Acne vulgaris, Comedones, Zits
Acne is a common skin condition involving blocked hair follicles, excess sebum, and bacteria. Affects teens and adults.
Signs & Symptoms
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Red bumps
- Painful nodules
- Oily skin
- Inflammation
Causes
- Blocked hair follicles with sebum
- Bacterial colonization (Cutibacterium acnes)
- Hormonal changes
- Excess sebum production
- Inflammation
Risk Factors
- Puberty and hormonal changes
- Family history of acne
- Using acnegenic cosmetics
- Certain medications
- High humidity and sweating
When to See a Doctor
See a dermatologist if acne persists despite home care, causes emotional distress, or leaves scars. Early treatment prevents permanent damage.
Treatment Options
Treatment options vary by individual. Consult a dermatologist for a personalised plan.
- Topical retinoids
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Oral antibiotics
- Hormonal medications
- Isotretinoin for severe acne
- Chemical peels
- Laser therapy
What is Acne?
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting hair follicles and sebaceous glands. It develops when hair follicles become clogged with dead skin cells and sebum (oil), trapping bacteria inside.
Mechanism
Four main factors contribute to acne formation:
- Excess Sebum Production: Often hormone-driven
- Follicular Hyperkeratinization: Dead skin cells clog pores
- Bacterial Colonization: Cutibacterium acnes thrives in blocked pores
- Inflammation: Immune response causes redness and swelling
Types of Acne
- Comedones: Blackheads and whiteheads
- Inflammatory Lesions: Papules and pustules
- Nodules/Cysts: Larger, painful lesions
- Acne Rosacea: Resembles acne but is a different condition
- Drug-Induced Acne: Caused by medications
Causes and Triggers
Hormonal Factors: Androgen increases during puberty stimulate sebum production
Genetic Predisposition: Family history increases likelihood
Medications: Lithium, corticosteroids, anabolic steroids can trigger acne
Environmental Factors: Heat, humidity, friction from clothing or equipment
Cosmetics: Oil-based products can worsen acne
Risk Factors
- Age (most common in teens, but can occur at any age)
- Male sex (typically more severe)
- Positive family history
- High androgen levels
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women
- Certain medications
Symptoms
Acne lesions appear most commonly on:
- Face
- Chest
- Back
- Shoulders
“When to see a doctor”: If acne persists despite home care, causes emotional distress, is severe/cystic, or leaves visible scarring, professional treatment is recommended.
Prevention Tips
- Use gentle, non-comedogenic cleansers
- Avoid over-washing (twice daily is sufficient)
- Use oil-free moisturizers
- Apply sunscreen daily (SPF 30+)
- Avoid squeezing or picking lesions
- Reduce stress through exercise and relaxation
- Maintain healthy sleep schedule
Visit us for professional evaluation and personalized treatment plan.
Treated at Our Clinic
Have this condition?
Call the clinic or visit Dr. Sanjay Agrawal directly for a proper diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.