Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Also known as: Atopic dermatitis, Allergic dermatitis, Contact dermatitis
Eczema or atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing intense itching, dry skin, and rashes.
Signs & Symptoms
- Intense itching
- Dry, sensitive skin
- Redness and inflammation
- Small raised bumps
- Cracked or swollen skin
- Raw, bleeding skin
Causes
- Dysfunction of skin barrier
- Immune system overreaction
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental allergens
- irritants
Risk Factors
- Family history of eczema or allergies
- Early age onset
- Female gender
- Air pollution exposure
- Stress and emotional factors
When to See a Doctor
See a dermatologist if eczema causes significant itching, affects sleep, shows signs of infection, or doesn't improve with basic care.
Treatment Options
Treatment options vary by individual. Consult a dermatologist for a personalised plan.
- Emollients and moisturizers
- Topical corticosteroids
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors
- Systemic medications
- Phototherapy
- Allergen avoidance
Understanding Eczema
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is the most common type of dermatitis, affecting 10-20% of children and 1-3% of adults. It’s characterized by chronic inflammation, itching, and compromised skin barrier function.
Core Features
Compromised Barrier: Reduced ceramides and lipids allow water loss and irritant entry
Immune Dysregulation: Exaggerated Th2 immune response to allergens and irritants
Intense Pruritus: Itching often disrupts sleep and quality of life
Chronic Course: Flares and remission cycles characterize the disease
Types
Atopic Dermatitis: Most common; associated with personal/family atopy
Contact Dermatitis: Reaction to specific allergens or irritants
Dyshidrotic Eczema: Small blisters on hands and feet
Nummular Eczema: Coin-shaped plaques, often on legs
Seborrheic Dermatitis: Affects oily areas (scalp, face, chest)
Stasis Dermatitis: Lower legs due to venous insufficiency
Triggers and Risk Factors
Irritants: Soaps, detergents, solvents, hot water
Allergens: Dust mites, pet dander, pollen
Environmental: Extreme temperatures, low humidity, pollution
Stress: Significant trigger for exacerbations
Infections: Bacterial colonization can worsen eczema
Diet: Certain foods may trigger reactions in individuals
Symptom Cycle
The itch-scratch cycle perpetuates eczema: intense itching leads to scratching, which damages skin barrier, causing more inflammation, intensifying itch.
When to Seek Care
“When to see a doctor”: If eczema doesn’t respond to basic skincare, causes significant itching affecting sleep/function, or shows infection signs.
Management Priorities
- Hydrate and protect skin barrier
- Identify and avoid triggers
- Control pruritus (itching)
- Treat infection if present
- Provide psychological support
Visit Dr. Dr. Sanjay Agrawal for comprehensive eczema evaluation and management plan.
Have this condition?
Call the clinic or visit Dr. Sanjay Agrawal directly for a proper diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.