Vitiligo (White Patches)
Also known as: Leucoderma, Acquired depigmentation, White patches
Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition causing loss of skin pigmentation in patches, affecting pigment-producing cells.
Signs & Symptoms
- White patches or macules
- Irregular borders
- Symmetrical distribution
- Loss of color or depigmentation
- Sensory changes
Causes
- Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
- Genetic predisposition
- Oxidative stress
- Neural factors
- Possible viral trigger
Risk Factors
- Family history of vitiligo
- Other autoimmune diseases
- Type 1 diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Age 10-30, but can occur at any age
When to See a Doctor
See a dermatologist if you notice white patches spreading or if depigmentation affects areas of concern. Early treatment may halt progression.
Treatment Options
Treatment options vary by individual. Consult a dermatologist for a personalised plan.
- Topical corticosteroids
- Topical immunomodulators
- Systemic corticosteroids
- Topical vitamin D analogs
- PUVA therapy
- Melanocyte transplantation
Understanding Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a chronic depigmentation disorder characterized by loss of skin pigment in well-demarcated white patches. It affects 0.5-2% of the global population, regardless of ethnicity, though it’s more visible in darker skin.
Pathophysiology
Autoimmune Process: The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys melanocytes (pigment-producing cells).
Chronic Progression: Without treatment, white patches typically gradually expand over time.
Psychological Impact: The cosmetic disfigurement can significantly affect social life and mental health.
Types
Generalized Vitiligo: Multiple scattered patches across the body
Localized Vitiligo: Patches confined to one body area
Segmental Vitiligo: Follows unilateral nerve distribution; often early-onset
Associated Conditions
Higher prevalence of associated autoimmune conditions:
- Thyroid disorders (Hashimoto’s, Graves’)
- Type 1 diabetes
- Pernicious anemia
- Addison’s disease
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
Clinical Presentation
- White macules with sharp demarcation
- Often symmetrical bilateral distribution
- Commonly affects face, hands, feet, genitals
- Confetti-like patterns in some cases
- Depigmented areas more prone to sunburn
Psychological Considerations
“When to see a doctor”: If depigmented patches appear and especially if spreading, psychological support alongside medical treatment is important.
Treatment Goals
- Halt progression
- Restore pigmentation
- Camouflage remaining patches
- Improve quality of life
- Provide psychological support
Management Approach
Early intervention provides best outcomes. Dr. Dr. Sanjay Agrawal offers comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment planning including medical, procedural, and psychological support.
Visit us for comprehensive vitiligo evaluation and treatment.
Treated at Our Clinic
Have this condition?
Call the clinic or visit Dr. Sanjay Agrawal directly for a proper diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.